R
Website: www.r-project.org
Designed by: Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman
Programming paradigms: Multi-paradigm — procedural, object-oriented, functional, reflective, imperative, array[1]
R is a programming language for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Core Team and the R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Created by statisticians Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman, R is used among data miners, bioinformaticians and statisticians for data analysis and developing statistical software.
The core R language is augmented by a large number of extension packages containing reusable code and documentation.
According to user surveys and studies of scholarly literature databases, R is one of the most commonly used programming languages in data mining.
As of April 2023, R ranks 16th in the TIOBE index, a measure of programming language popularity, in which the language peaked in 8th place in August 2020.The official R software environment is an open-source free software environment released as part of the GNU Project and available under the GNU General Public License.
It is written primarily in C, Fortran, and R itself (partially self-hosting).
Precompiled executables are provided for various operating systems.
R has a command line interface.
Multiple third-party graphical user interfaces are also available, such as RStudio, an integrated development environment, and Jupyter, a notebook interface.